Giza Pyramids
The Giza pyramids are located on the Giza plateau in the Giza governorate on the west bank of the Nile. It was built about 25 centuries BC, between 2480 and 2550 BC. It includes three pyramids: Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure.
The pyramids are royal tombs, each bearing the name of the king who built it and was buried in it, and the pyramid construction here is a stage of the development of tomb architecture in ancient Egypt.
It started with a small pit that turned into an underground room and then into several rooms topped by a terrace, and after that it evolved to take the form of a pyramid stepped by the engineer Imhotep, the minister of Pharaoh Djoser in the third dynasty. This was followed by two attempts by King Senefru, founder of the Fourth Dynasty, to build a complete hierarchy. But the backs of the pyramids are improperly shaped. They are located in Dahshur, one of them has a flat base and the other has a smaller shape, about half the size of the first.
The engineer Himyono, the engineer of King Khufu, was able to complete the ideal pyramid shape and constructed the pyramid of Khufu in Giza on an area of 13 acres, and the pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure followed.
Hierarchical shape
As for the idea of the pyramid specifically, their hierarchical shape was associated with the idea of the origin of the universe, and they also believed, according to some of their writings and religious texts, that the pyramid and its means help the soul of the deceased to reach heaven with the deity Ra.
And we can sometimes see the sun's rays between the clouds and it takes a pyramidal shape as well, and it was among these many means that can help them ascend to the sky.
We also see the hierarchical shape at the top of the obelisks and some small tombs for individuals in southern Egypt, even when the kings of the modern state thought of building their tombs on the western mainland in the Valley of the Kings and pecking them at the bottom of the mountain to protect them from theft, they did not abandon the hierarchical shape that was represented at the top of the mountain Himself and naturally.
Building the pyramid
pyr3 The construction of the Great Pyramid took nearly twenty years, and the corridors and the lower parts of the pyramid were built ten years, according to what was mentioned by Herodotus, the Greek historian who visited Egypt in the fourth century B.C. after more than 2000 years of building the pyramid and heard these and other stories from some priests and The narrators.
The stones that were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid from the area surrounding the pyramid, the outer cladding stones from the Tora Mountain area, and the granite stones used in the inner rooms of the Aswan quarries, and they were brought through the Nile River, which was reaching the pyramid area at that time.
The stones were cut and separated from each other by making holes at close distances in the piece of stones to be cut, then some wooden pegs would be pushed into it and knocked over it with water placed on it, and the more the wood drank with water, its size increased inside the piece of stone and with the continuation of the paths on it it separated from each other It is then refined and polished using a stronger stone type such as granite or diorite.
The ancient Egyptians used a sandy road to build the pyramids, where the pieces of stones are placed on wooden skis, below which the round palm tree trunks act like wheels and the skis are pulled with ropes and bulls with water sprayed on the sand to facilitate the process of drawing, and the higher the height they increased in the sand to the top of the pyramid and then the pyramid is covered with stone Smooth lime from top to bottom and gradually remove sand.
The Great Pyramid weighs six million five hundred thousand tons, and is made of stones each weighing almost twelve tons, and these stones are tightly laid and controlled to the extent of half a millimeter.
But the matter is much greater than that, as the pyramid is one of the biggest mysteries that humanity has faced since the beginning of civilization. Many have claimed that it is just a luxurious tomb for King Khufu, but scholars of the current era believe that this view arouses irony, as the Great Pyramid was built for a greater and greater purpose than that.
Some interesting facts about the pyramids
pyr2 The evidence for this is those amazing facts that this great edifice has compiled by Charles Smith in the famous book (Our Heritage at the Great Pyramid) in 1864 AD, so the height of the pyramid multiplied by a billion equals 14967000 km, which is the distance between the earth and the sun, and the orbit that passes in the center of the pyramid divides The continents of the world are divided into two completely equal halves, and that the base of the pyramid divided by twice its height gives us the famous circle constant (3.14) contained in our known calculators.
And that the four corners of the pyramid point to the original four directions in amazing accuracy, so that some scientists once indicated that there is a slight angle of deviation from the original sides, but after the discovery of modern electronic devices for measurement, it was proved that the angles of the pyramid are the correct and accurate. One of the most important things that dazzles in the construction of these pyramids is how accurately the construction of internal corridors, waiting rooms, and the king's burial chamber.
As for the pyramid of Koura, famous for Menkaure, scientists have noticed that it contains a small circular gap that does not exceed 20 cm in diameter.
Archaeologists were able to find out the secret of the existence of that gap after a very accurate observation, as it was found that the sun's rays enter through that gap only one day a year to the tomb of the Pharaoh from Karaa completely, and the astonishingly, this day coincides with the birthday of the Pharaoh.
The Great Pyramid or Pyramid of Khufu
It is the most controversial and imaginative monument of the world, and the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World remaining until now.
Others claimed that the pyramid was built by magic, or that extraterrestrials came down from space and built it, and there are many stories that indicate the excitement and mystery of this huge architectural building. The construction of the pyramid of Khufu dates back to about 2560 BC.
The construction of the pyramid of King Khufu is a major cultural shift in the history of ancient Egypt, and Khnum Khufu was influenced by his father, King Senefru, in building his pyramid After his death, Khufu became the god of Horus the ruler on earth, and it became necessary for him to think about building his tomb, which is the first national project in ancient Egypt, which was jointly built by professional workers from all over Egypt.
The Great Pyramid, with its original height of 148 meters, remained the highest building that humans had completed on Earth over a period of 3,800 years, and it is the largest building built by man.
Khafre's pyramid
It is one of the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. It was built by King Khafre, fourth king of the fourth family, son of King Khufu. He married Princess Ankh berths. The rule of twenty-six years. The second pyramid was built from the pyramids of Giza, and it is lower than the pyramid of his father (Khufu). Its height was 143 meters and now 136 meters.
It was built over an area of 215 square meters, and it has two entrances on the northern side. It still preserves part of its outer cladding at the summit. Within its hierarchical group, statues of schist stone were found in the private valley temple. Among them is a statue of the most beautiful produced by the Egyptian art of sculpture.
The pyramid of Khafre is located southwest of the pyramid of his father Khufu. It has a height of 143.5 meters, a length of 215.5 meters, and an angle of inclination of 53.10 °. It is located at ground level, and the entrance leads to a descending corridor, with a granite roof and a slope angle of 22 degrees.
It ends at a rampart that leads to a horizontal corridor, then a sloping passage leads to a chamber called the burial chamber error, which is empty carved into the rock, and the vestibule leads to another parapet that rises to the top by a horizontal passage that ends with the burial room, and this room has a gabled roof constructed with limestone, and almost in the middle The pyramid, Khafre called his pyramid (the Great).
Pyramid of Menkaure
It is one of the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Built by Pharaoh Menkaure, son of King Khafre. Each of its ribs is 108.5 meters long and 65.5 meters high, and now 62 meters after its outer covering has fallen.
Its inclination is 51 ° 20′25, and its entrance is northward. The entrance rises about 4 meters above the ground, and leads to a descending corridor 31 meters long. Its slight angle is about 17 degrees.
It was built from limestone, but Menkaure chose to build the lower part of it from the granite that was brought from Aswan via the Nile River. The height of the granite covering is about 17 meters. The rest of the coverage was made with white Tora stones, up to a height of 5 and 65 meters.
At the end of the inclined corridor there is a vestibule lined with stone, leading to a horizontal corridor with 3 mounds, and then the burial chamber. It was found on a wooden coffin with the name Menkaure and his mummy in it. Menkaure's mummy is now preserved in the British Museum. (Menkaure) has called his pyramid (the sacred).
And to the south of the pyramid of Menkaure there are three pyramids designated for queens extending towards the east-west of the first pyramid, especially for Queen Khara Marr Nabti, the second wife of King Menkaure.
sphinx
abo is a statue of a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human being carved from limestone. It is likely that it was originally covered with a layer of plaster and colored, and traces of the original colors are still visible next to one of his ears.
Located on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt, the Sphinx is also the guardian of the plateau. It is the oldest known colossal carvings. Its length is about 73.5 meters, including 15 meters long for the front legs, and its width is 6 meters, and its highest height from the ground is about 20 meters to the top of the head.
Written by Madeha Genady
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